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| Titel |
Efficacy of using eddy covariance method for gas and energy flux measurements in disciplines and applications beyond micrometeorology |
| VerfasserIn |
George Burba, Dan Anderson |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2011
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 13 (2011) |
| Datensatznummer |
250045505
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The Eddy Covariance method is a micrometeorological technique of high-speed flux
measurements of water, gas, heat, and momentum transport within the atmospheric boundary
layer, above the soil surface, plant canopy, or industrial and urban terrains. Fluxes, emission
and exchange rates could be carefully characterized from a single-point in-situ measurements
using a permanent or mobile tower, or moving platforms such as automobile, helicopter,
airplane, ship, boat, buoy, etc.
This technique is widely used by micrometeorologists all over the globe. However, a
number of researchers from disciplines outside of micrometeorology may not have been
introduced to the information about this method, or may not be familiar enough with it to
assess its usefulness within their field. Modern instruments and software can potentially
expand the use of this method beyond micrometeorology and prove valuable for plant
physiology, hydrology, biology, ecology, entomology, and other areas of research, industrial
and regulatory applications.
The Eddy Covariance method is one of the most direct, defensible ways to measure and
calculate turbulent fluxes within the atmospheric boundary layer. However, the method is
mathematically complex, and requires significant care to set up and process data. The main
challenge of the method for a non-expert is the complexity of system design, implementation,
and processing of the large volume of data. In the past several years, efforts of the flux
networks (e.g., iLEAPs. FluxNet, ICOS, CarboEurope, Ameriflux, Fluxnet-Canada,
Asiaflux, etc.) have led to noticeable progress in unification of the terminology
and general standardization of processing steps. The methodology itself, however,
is difficult to unify, because various experimental sites and different purposes of
studies dictate different treatments, and site-, measurement- and purpose-specific
approaches.
With this in mind, step-by-step instructions were created to introduce a novice to general
principles, requirements, applications, and processing steps of the conventional Eddy
Covariance technique, to assist in further understanding the method through more advanced
references such as textbooks on micrometeorology ([1],[2],[3],[4],[5]), network guidelines
(ICOS, CarboEurope, Ameriflux, Fluxnet-Canada, Asiaflux, etc.), journal and technical
papers.
These instructions are provided to the community in the form of the free electronic
resource, a 211-page textbook titled "A Brief Practical Guide to Eddy Covariance Flux
Measurements: Principles and Workflow Examples for Scientific and Industrial Applications"
[6]. The book is based, largely, on frequently asked questions received from new users of
the Eddy Covariance method and relevant instrumentation. The explanations are
written in a non-technical language to be of practical use to those new to this field.
Information is provided on theory of the method (basic derivations, major assumptions,
sources of errors, etc.), practical workflow (experimental design, implementation, data
processing, and quality control), and most frequently overlooked details of the field
measurements.
These type of information may be especially useful to the following groups studying,
using, or supporting the Eddy Covariance method, or utilizing its results:
- Undergraduate students studying the method as a part of the micrometeorology
course
- Non-meteorology graduate students studying or using the method
- Field technicians, research assistants and student help, supporting data collection and
processing
- Non-micrometeorology scientists and faculty interested in applying the method for their
research
- Researchers and facility managers from industrial areas such a landfills, carbon
sequestration facilities, feed lots, superfund sites, etc., interested in quantifying the emissions
using this method
- Regulating bodies, such as environmental protection agencies, state and local air quality
boards, etc. interested in using Eddy Covariance as an official method
References:
[1] Foken T., 2008. Micrometeorology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
Softcover, 308 pp.
[2] Monteith J., and M. Unsworth, 2008. Principles of Environmental Physics, Third
Edition). Academic Press/Elsevier, London, UK. Hardcover, 434 pp.
[3] Lee X., W. Massman, and B. Law (Eds), 2004. Handbook of Micrometeorology: A
Guide for Surface Flux Measurement and Analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg,
Germany. Hardcover, 250 pp.
[4] Arya S., 2001. Introduction to Micrometeorology. Academic Press/Elsevier,
Burlington, USA. Hardcover, 420 pp.
[5] Rosenberg N., B. Blad, and S.Verma, 1983. Microclimate: The Biological
Environment. Wiley-Interscience Publishers, New York, USA. Hardcover, 495
pp.
[6] Burba, G., and D. Anderson, 2010. A Brief Practical Guide to Eddy Covariance Flux
Measurements. LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, USA. Electronic, softcover and hardcover, 211
pp. |
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