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| Titel |
GlobVolcano pre-operational services for global monitoring active volcanoes |
| VerfasserIn |
Lucia Tampellini, Raffaella Ratti, Sven Borgstrom, Frank Martin Seifert, Aline Peltier, Edouard Kaminski, Marco Bianchi, Wendy Branson, Fabrizio Ferrucci, Barbara Hirn, Paul van der Voet, J. van Geffen |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2010
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 12 (2010) |
| Datensatznummer |
250045439
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The GlobVolcano project (2007-2010) is part of the Data User Element programme
of the European Space Agency (ESA). The project aims at demonstrating Earth
Observation (EO) based integrated services to support the Volcano Observatories
and other mandate users (e.g. Civil Protection) in their monitoring activities. The
information services are assessed in close cooperation with the user organizations
for different types of volcano, from various geographical areas in various climatic
zones.
In a first phase, a complete information system has been designed, implemented and
validated, involving a limited number of test areas and respective user organizations. In the
currently on-going second phase, GlobVolcano is delivering pre-operational services over 15
volcanic sites located in three continents and as many user organizations are involved and
cooperating with the project team.
The set of GlobVolcano offered EO based information products is composed as
follows:
Deformation Mapping
DInSAR (Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) has been used to study a wide
range of surface displacements related to different phenomena (e.g. seismic faults, volcanoes,
landslides) at a spatial resolution of less than 100 m and cm-level precision. Permanent
Scatterers SAR Interferometry method (PSInSARTM) has been introduced by Politecnico of
Milano as an advanced InSAR technique capable of measuring millimetre scale
displacements of individual radar targets on the ground by using multi-temporal
data-sets, estimating and removing the atmospheric components. Other techniques (e.g.
CTM) have followed similar strategies and have shown promising results in different
scenarios.
Different processing approaches have been adopted, according to data availability,
characteristic of the area and dynamic characteristics of the volcano.
Conventional DInSAR: Colima (Mexico), Nyiragongo (Congo), Pico (Azores),
Areanal (Costa Rica)
PSInSARTM: Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island), Stromboli and Volcano
(Italy), Hilo (Hawai), Mt. St. Helens (United States),
CTM (Coherent Target Monitoring): Cumbre Vieja (La Palma)
To generate products either Envisat ASAR, Radarsat 1or ALOS PALSAR data have been
used.
Surface Thermal Anomalies
Volcanic hot-spots detection, radiant flux and effusion rate (where applicable) calculation of high
temperature surface thermal anomalies such as active lava flow, strombolian activity, lava
dome, pyroclastic flow and lava lake can be performed through MODIS (Terra / Aqua) MIR
and TIR channels, or ASTER (Terra), HRVIR/HRGT (SPOT4/5) and Landsat family SWIR
channels analysis. ASTER and Landsat TIR channels allow relative radiant flux calculation of
low temperature anomalies such as lava and pyroclastic flow cooling, crater lake and low
temperature fumarolic fields.
MODIS, ASTER and SPOT data are processed to detect and measure the following
volcanic surface phenomena:
Effusive activity Piton de la Fournaise (Reunion Island); Mt Etna (Italy).
Lava dome growths, collapses and related pyroclastic flows Soufrière Hills
(Montserrat); Arenal – (Costa Rica).
Permanent crater lake and ephemeral lava lake Karthala (Comores Islands).
Strombolian activity Stromboli (Italy).
Low temperature fumarolic fields Nisyros (Greece), Vulcano (Italy), Mauna Loa
(Hawaii).
Volcanic Emission
The Volcanic Emission Service is provided to the users by a link to GSE-PROMOTE – Support
to Aviation Control Service (SACS).
The aim of the service is to deliver in near-real-time data derived from satellite
measurements regarding SO2 emissions (SO2 vertical column density - Dobson Unit [DU])
possibly related to volcanic eruptions and to track the ash injected into the atmosphere during
a volcanic eruption.
SO2 measurements are derived from different satellite instruments, such as
SCIAMACHY, OMI and GOME-2. The tracking of volcanic ash is accomplished by using
SEVIRI-MSG data and, in particular, the following channels VIS 0.6 and IR 3.9, and along
with IR8.7, IR 10.8 and IR 12.0.
The GlobVolcano information system and its current experimentation represent a
significant step ahead towards the implementation of an operational, global observatory of
volcanoes by the synergetic use of data from available Earth Observation satellites. |
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