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| Titel |
Wetlands monitoring - hydrological conditions and water quality in selected transects of Biebrza National Park. |
| VerfasserIn |
Mateusz Stelmaszczyk, Tomasz Okruszko |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2010
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 12 (2010) |
| Datensatznummer |
250037481
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Water Framework Directive (WFD) obligates Member States to prevent further deterioration
as well as to protect and enhance the status of aquatic ecosystems and wetlands. In order to
fulfill one of the WFD objectives - to keep wetlands in good surface water and groundwater
status (determined by good ecological, chemical and quantitative status) it is necessary to
specify most favourable conditions for them. In that case monitoring of factors responsible
for wetlands status in natural areas is a key issue. Further, achieved knowledge of
existing relations in ecosystems can be implemented in protection and restoration
projects.
There are a number of factors influencing diversity of habitats responsible for developing
different wetland ecosystems and their sustaining in good ecological status. It’s believed that
among significant factors such as hydrological conditions, water quality, nutrient availability
in the soil, pH value and management (e.g. grazing, mowing) the hydrological conditions are
the most important. In presented work authors concentrated on hydrological conditions and
water quality and theirs influence on wetland vegetation of Biebrza National Park
(BNP). BNP located north-east part of Poland is recognized by many scientist as
a unique undisturbed wetland reference area. Five transects located in different
basins of BNP were chosen. Transects consist of piezometers in which the water
table levels and water quality were measured. Analysis of electroconductivity (EC),
alkalinity (HCO3-) and pH were done directly in the field. In the laboratory anions
(NO3-, PO43-, Cl-, SO42-) and cations (NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Br+, Li+, Na+, K+)
concentration was determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
D-divers, electronic devices to permanent measurement of groundwater level changes
were located in some of the piezometers. Piezometers were located in the sites
characterized by different hydrological conditions, from groundwater fed to river fed
areas. Studied locations were covered mainly by Magnocaricion vegetation (e.g.
Caricetum gracilis and Caricetum elatae), Molinio-Arrhenatheretea vegetation
(Molinietum caeruleae), and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetation (e.g. Caricetum
lasiocarpae).
In presented work authors show results of water quality measurements and monitoring of
hydrological conditions, characterized by changes of groundwater table, period and size of
inundation. During six years long monitoring period (2004 – 2009 hydrological years)
there were observed high diversification of groundwater and surface water levels
among locations. They fluctuate in some places from very low groundwater levels,
observed in late summer and in early autumn (over 1 m beneath the ground), to levels
reaching surface of the ground or laying nearly below it, occurring in winter and
spring. There are also places where quite high inundations in winter and spring are
observed.
Collected chemical and hydrological data were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA
8 software with a use of one of the multivariate analysis – Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) method. Owing to the usage of PCA analysis it was possible to define
most important parameters characterizing habitats were occurs selected vegetation.
The impact of hydrological conditions (presented as a main factor) on forming
particular wetland plant communities can be discussed. Authors determine that
some other factors (e.g. management) can be more responsible for occurrence of
particular plant communities and their sustaining in good status in specific locations. |
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