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| Titel |
How do environmental and behavioral factors impact ultraviolet radiation effects on health: the RISC-UV Project |
| VerfasserIn |
M. P. Correa, S. Godin-Beekmann, M. Haeffelin, P. Saiag, E. Mahé, C. Brogniez, J. C. Dupont, A. Pazmino, F. Auriol, B. Bonnel |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2009
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 11 (2009) |
| Datensatznummer |
250025658
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Introduction: RISC-UV is a research project on “Impact of climate change on ultraviolet
radiation and risks for health”, a research project in which physicists, meteorologists and
physicians work together to assess the relative role played by environmental and
behavioral factors in the UV-related diseases as skin cancer and vitamin D deficiency.
Environmental factors are related to the role played by the alteration in intensity
of UV radiation at the Earth’s surface resulting from variation in several factors
affected by climate change and human activities: stratospheric ozone, cloud cover,
aerosols and the reflectivity of the surface. On the other hand, behavioral factors are
related to the sun over/underexposure and the correct use of sun-protection (hats,
caps, sunglasses, sunscreen lotion, etc.). RISC-UV is organized around three main
areas: 1) Organization of a workshop, scheduled for January 2009, which aims to
describe the state of the art in the subject within each community and define the
requirements of pathologists for epidemiological studies; 2) A pilot study intended to
evaluate the consistency between UV measurements delivered simultaneously by
satellite-based instruments, ground instruments, radiometers and individual dosimeters.
This study is based on measurements campaigns and an analysis of the long-term
consistency of data series relating to UV radiation and associated parameters; and
3) Analysis of the weights of medical, behavioral and environmental parameters
involved in skin carcinogenesis. A detailed description of these areas can be found in
http://www.gisclimat.fr/Doc/GB/D_projects/RISC-UV_GB.html.
This presentation focuses on the first results of the UV experimental measurements
performed between September 8th and October 8th 2008 in Palaiseau, France (48.7Ë N; 2.2Ë
E; 170m – Haeffelin et al., 2005). A second campaign is foreseen for the spring of 2009. The
purpose of these campaigns is to obtain, analyze and quantitatively link the UV radiation data
obtained at various spatial scales (satellite, ground-based and spot measurements) by a variety
of measuring systems. Moreover a set of atmospheric parameters (total ozone column, the
vertical profile and optical thickness of aerosols, cloud cover and solar albedo) related to UV
radiation is also collected.
Material: The instrumental set consisted of several instruments for: 1) UV radiation
measurements (a spectroradiometer, UV-A, UV-B, Erythemal UV and broadband solar
pyranometers); 2) cloud, ozone and aerosol observations (photometer, Lidar and
radiometers); and 3) personal monitors for UV index measurements, as handhelds, watches
and mini-station.
Results: Measurements performed in cloudy and sunny days around noon local time (±
1h) showed mean values of 3.3 ± 1.0 UVI, and the maximum UVI was 5.5 at noon on a
clear sky day (September 14). The influence of cirrus clouds and aerosols radiation
attenuation is currently studied on several case studies. From the mean UVI values, we
estimated the time of necessary exposure for the induction of erythema of the skin
and for the synthesis 1000 UI of vitamin D per day (1000 UI). (McKenzie et al.,
2008).
Preliminary results show that around solar noon (between 9 and 12 UTC that is 11 and 14
local time), on the one hand, about 45 min of exposure is required to cause skin redness and
consequently lead to harmful effects on the human health. On the other hand, this
exposure can be insufficient to lead to beneficial effects if we consider only the
generally exposed parts of the body, as the hands and the face. It is only in the extreme
conditions – exposure of the whole body – that the synthesis of the vitamin D can be
done in 10 to 20 minutes. Otherwise an exposure during several hours is necessary.
These results are particularly interesting with respect to possible problems of lack of
vitamin D in the French population, mainly rickets (children) and osteosporosis
(old persons), as well as other diseases related to the lack of vitamin D (Holick,
2004).
A second campaign will be carried out during Spring 2009. This campaign
will mainly focus on: 1) the comparisons of satellite retrievals and ground-based
UV observations in order to relate different scales of UV measurements. Surface
measurements will be performed in ten different sites located in the city of Paris
and its suburbs; 2) the analysis of UV measurements in tilted surfaces using four
pyranometers installed in different angles (horizontal, 45Ë , 90Ë and 180Ë ) ; 3)
the measurements of surface albedo; and 4) the evaluation of cirrus and aerosol
impact on UV radiation at the surface using collocated measurements like Lidar and
Sunphotometers.
Acknowledgments: SIRTA team.
References:
M. Haeffelin et al. SIRTA, a ground-based atmospheric observatory for cloud and aerosol
research. Ann. Geophys., 23, 253-275, 2005
Holick, MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart
disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;79:362–71.
Mc Kenzie, R; JB Liley; L.O Björn. UV Radiation: Balancing Risks and Benefits.
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2008. |
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