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| Titel |
Presence of emerging contaminants in Natural Wetlands: L |
| VerfasserIn |
P. V. Roig, C. Blasco, V. Andreu, J. A. Pascual, J. L. Rubio, Y. Picó |
| Konferenz |
EGU General Assembly 2009
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| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| Digitales Dokument |
PDF |
| Erschienen |
In: GRA - Volume 11 (2009) |
| Datensatznummer |
250024632
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A wide range of pharmaceutical compounds have been identified in the environment, and
their presence is a topic of growing concern for human and ecological health. The antibiotics
group are relevant in the formation of antibiotic resistances in pathogenic bacteria. Other
pharmaceuticals, such as analgesics and lipid regulators, are consumed in large quantities
and have been frequently found in high concentrations in several environmental
compartments.
L´Albufera Lake (Valencia, Spain) is a marsh area of a great interest because it is the
habitat of a large quantity of unique species of flora and fauna, and a zone of refuge,
feeding and breeding for a large number of migratory birds, because of that, was
included in the RAMSAR network. However, this area is threatened by the tourist
industry; urban, industrial, and agricultural pressures; and the disappearance of its
marshes by transformation to rice or orchard fields. The aim of this work was to
establish the occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in water, as indicative of
human sewage pouring into the lake. A representative set of pharmaceuticals of
different therapeutic classes was chosen for this purpose, including: analgesics,
antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, β-blockers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants and lipid
regulators.
In April 2008 and October 2008 a total of 65 samples of water were collected,
corresponding to different sampling points previously designed, and covering the most
important channels that flow in to the lake. Water samples were concentrated by Solid Phase
Extraction through an Oasis HLB cartridge, and subsequently eluted with methanol.
Quantification was carried out by LC-MS/MS with an ESI interface. Separation was made
with a Sunfire 3.5μ C18 (Waters®) analytical column. When possible, two transitions were
selected to obtain unambiguous confirmation.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) and carbamazepine were the pharmaceuticals that more
frequently appeared in water samples, being the latter found in 63 of the 65 analyzed samples
in concentrations between 0.01 μg/L and 248 mg/L. Others pharmaceuticals present in less
quantities were: ciprofloxacin, codeine, diazepam, fenofibrate, ibuprofen, norfloxacin,
metoprolol, ofloxacin, propanolol, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. These results
demonstrate the incidence of these pollutants in the Natural Park of L´Albufera, probably
because raw sewage flows into the lake from houses and industries nears its shores. Increased
pollution is threatening the sustainable use of L´Albufera, a vital resource for this touristic
area.
References:
[1] N. Esiobu, L. Armenta, J. Ike, Int. J. Environ. Health 12. (2002), 133.
[2] D. Löffler, T. A. Ternes, J. Chromatogr. A. 1021 (2003), 133-144. |
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