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| Titel |
Atmospheric inversion of SO2 and primary aerosol emissions for the year 2010 |
| VerfasserIn |
N. Huneeus, O. Boucher, F. Chevallier |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 13 ; Nr. 13, no. 13 (2013-07-11), S.6555-6573 |
| Datensatznummer |
250018753
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-6555-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Natural and anthropogenic emissions of primary aerosols and sulphur dioxide
(SO2) are estimated for the year 2010 by assimilating daily total and fine
mode aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from the Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite instrument into a global aerosol
model of intermediate complexity. The system adjusts monthly emission fluxes
over a set of predefined regions tiling the globe. The resulting aerosol
emissions improve the model performance, as measured from usual skill scores,
both against the assimilated observations and a set of independent
ground-based measurements. The estimated emission fluxes are 67 Tg
S yr−1 for SO2, 12 Tg yr−1 for black carbon (BC),
87 Tg yr−1 for particulate organic matter (POM),
17 000 Tg yr−1 for sea salt (SS, estimated at 80 % relative
humidity) and 1206 Tg yr−1 for desert dust (DD). They represent a
difference of +53, +73, +72, +1 and −8%,
respectively, with respect to the first guess (FG) values. Constant errors
throughout the regions and the year were assigned to the a priori emissions.
The analysis errors are reduced with respect to the a priori ones for all
species and throughout the year, they vary between 3 and 18% for
SO2, 1 and 130% for biomass burning, 21 and 90 % for fossil
fuel, 1 and 200% for DD and 1 and 5% for SS. The maximum errors
on the global-yearly scale for the estimated fluxes (considering temporal
error dependence) are 3% for SO2, 14% for BC, 11% for POM, 14%
for DD and 2% for SS. These values represent a decrease as compared to the
global-yearly errors from the FG of 7% for SO2, 40% for BC, 55%
for POM, 81% for DD and 300% for SS. The largest error reduction, both
monthly and yearly, is observed for SS and the smallest one for SO2. The
sensitivity and robustness of the inversion system to the choice of the first
guess emission inventory is investigated by using different combinations of
inventories for industrial, fossil fuel and biomass burning sources. The
initial difference in the emissions between the various set-ups is reduced
after the inversion. Furthermore, at the global scale, the inversion is
sensitive to the choice of the BB (biomass burning) inventory and not so much to the industrial
and fossil fuel inventory. At the regional scale, however, the choice of the
industrial and fossil fuel inventory can make a difference. The estimated
baseline emission fluxes for SO2, BC and POM are within the estimated
uncertainties of the four experiments. The resulting emissions were compared
against projected emissions for the year 2010 for SO2, BC and POM. The new
estimate presents larger emissions than the projections for all three
species, with larger differences for SO2 than POM and BC. These projected
SO2 emissions are outside the uncertainties of the estimated emission
inventories. |
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