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| Titel |
Net radiative forcing and air quality responses to regional CO emission reductions |
| VerfasserIn |
M. M. Fry, M. D. Schwarzkopf, Z. Adelman, V. Naik, W. J. Collins, J. J. West |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 10 ; Nr. 13, no. 10 (2013-05-29), S.5381-5399 |
| Datensatznummer |
250018678
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-5381-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions influence global and regional air quality and
global climate change by affecting atmospheric oxidants and secondary
species. We simulate the influence of halving anthropogenic CO emissions
globally and individually from 10 regions on surface and tropospheric ozone,
methane, and aerosol concentrations using a global chemical transport model
(MOZART-4 for the year 2005). Net radiative forcing (RF) is then estimated
using the GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) standalone
radiative transfer model. We estimate that halving
global CO emissions decreases global annual average concentrations of
surface ozone by 0.45 ppbv, tropospheric methane by 73 ppbv, and global
annual net RF by 36.1 mW m−2, nearly equal to the sum of changes from
the 10 regional reductions. Global annual net RF per unit change in
emissions and the 100 yr global warming potential (GWP100) are
estimated as −0.124 mW m−2 (Tg CO)−1 and 1.34, respectively, for
the global CO reduction, and ranging from −0.115 to −0.131 mW m−2
(Tg CO)−1 and 1.26 to 1.44 across 10 regions, with the greatest
sensitivities for regions in the tropics. The net RF distributions show
widespread cooling corresponding to the O3 and CH4 decreases, and
localized positive and negative net RFs due to changes in aerosols. The
strongest annual net RF impacts occur within the tropics
(28° S–28° N) followed by the northern midlatitudes (28° N–60° N),
independent of reduction region, while the greatest changes in surface CO
and ozone concentrations occur within the reduction region. Some regional
reductions strongly influence the air quality in other regions, such as East
Asia, which has an impact on US surface ozone that is 93% of that from
North America. Changes in the transport of CO and downwind ozone production
clearly exceed the direct export of ozone from each reduction region. The
small variation in CO GWPs among world regions suggests that future
international climate agreements could adopt a globally uniform metric for
CO with little error, or could use different GWPs for each continent. Doing
so may increase the incentive to reduce CO through coordinated policies
addressing climate and air quality. |
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