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| Titel |
Hourly elemental concentrations in PM2.5 aerosols sampled simultaneously at urban background and road site during SAPUSS – diurnal variations and PMF receptor modelling |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Dall'Osto, X. Querol, F. Amato, A. Karanasiou, F. Lucarelli, S. Nava, G. Calzolai, M. Chiari |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 8 ; Nr. 13, no. 8 (2013-04-26), S.4375-4392 |
| Datensatznummer |
250018615
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-4375-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Hourly-resolved aerosol chemical speciation data can be a highly powerful
tool to determine the source origin of atmospheric pollutants in urban
environments. Aerosol mass concentrations of seventeen elements (Na, Mg, Al,
S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr and Pb) were obtained by
time (1 h) and size (PM2.5 particulate matter < 2.5 μm)
resolved aerosol samples analysed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission
(PIXE) measurements. In the Marie Curie European Union framework of SAPUSS
(Solving Aerosol Problems by Using Synergistic Strategies), the approach
used is the simultaneous sampling at two monitoring sites in Barcelona
(Spain) during September–October 2010: an urban background site (UB) and a
street canyon traffic road site (RS). Elements related to primary non-exhaust traffic
emission (Fe, Cu), dust resuspension (Ca) and anthropogenic
Cl were found enhanced at the RS, whereas industrial related trace metals
(Zn, Pb, Mn) were found at higher concentrations at the more ventilated UB
site. When receptor modelling was performed with positive matrix
factorization (PMF), nine different aerosol sources were identified at both
sites: three types of regional aerosols (regional sulphate (S) – 27%,
biomass burning (K) – 5%, sea salt (Na-Mg) – 17%), three types of dust
aerosols (soil dust (Al-Ti) – 17%, urban crustal dust (Ca) – 6%, and
primary traffic non-exhaust brake dust (Fe-Cu) – 7%), and three types of
industrial aerosol plumes-like events (shipping oil combustion (V-Ni) –
17%, industrial smelters (Zn-Mn) – 3%, and industrial combustion
(Pb-Cl) – 5%, percentages presented are average source contributions to
the total elemental mass measured). The validity of the PMF solution of the
PIXE data is supported by very good correlations with external single
particle mass spectrometry measurements. Some important conclusions can be
drawn about the PM2.5 mass fraction simultaneously measured at the UB
and RS sites: (1) the regional aerosol sources impact both monitoring sites
at similar concentrations regardless their different ventilation conditions;
(2) by contrast, local industrial aerosol plumes associated with shipping
oil combustion and smelters activities have a higher impact on the more
ventilated UB site; (3) a unique source of Pb-Cl (associated with combustion
emissions) is found to be the major (82%) source of fine Cl in the
urban agglomerate; (4) the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 primary
traffic non-exhaust brake dust (Fe-Cu) suggests that this source is mainly
emitted and not resuspended, whereas PM2.5 urban dust (Ca) is
found mainly resuspended by both traffic vortex and sea breeze; (5) urban
dust (Ca) is found the aerosol source most affected by land wetness, reduced
by a factor of eight during rainy days and suggesting that wet roads may be
a solution for reducing urban dust concentrations. |
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