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| Titel |
The Mediterranean summertime ozone maximum: global emission sensitivities and radiative impacts |
| VerfasserIn |
N. A. D. Richards, S. R. Arnold, M. P. Chipperfield, G. Miles, A. Rap, R. Siddans, S. A. Monks, M. J. Hollaway |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 13, no. 5 ; Nr. 13, no. 5 (2013-03-01), S.2331-2345 |
| Datensatznummer |
250018458
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-13-2331-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The Mediterranean troposphere exhibits a marked and localised summertime
ozone maximum, which has the potential to strongly impact regional air
quality and radiative forcing. The Mediterranean region can be perturbed by
long-range pollution import from Northern Europe, North America and Asia, in
addition to local emissions, which may all contribute to regional ozone
enhancements. We exploit ozone profile observations from the Tropospheric
Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2
(GOME-2) satellite instruments, and an offline 3-D global chemical transport
model (TOMCAT) to investigate the geographical and vertical structure of the
summertime tropospheric ozone maximum over the Mediterranean region. We show
that both TES and GOME-2 are able to detect enhanced levels of ozone in the
lower troposphere over the region during the summer. These observations,
together with surface measurements, are used to evaluate the TOMCAT model's
ability to capture the observed ozone enhancement. The model is used to
quantify sensitivities of the ozone maximum to anthropogenic and natural
volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, anthropogenic NOx emissions,
wildfire emissions and long-range import of ozone and precursors. Our
results show a dominant sensitivity to natural VOC emissions in the
Mediterranean basin over anthropogenic VOC emissions. However, local
anthropogenic NOx emissions are result in the overall largest sensitivity in
near-surface ozone. We also show that in the lower troposphere, global VOC
emissions account for 40% of the ozone sensitivity to VOC emissions in
the region, whereas, for NOx the ozone sensitivity to local sources is
9 times greater than that for global emissions at these altitudes. However,
in the mid and upper troposphere ozone is most sensitive to non-local
emission sources. In terms of radiative effects on regional climate, ozone
contributions from non-local emission sources are more important, as these
have a larger impact on ozone in the upper troposphere where its radiative
effects are larger, with Asian monsoon outflow having the greatest impact.
Our results allow improved understanding of the large-scale processes
controlling air quality and climate in the region of the Mediterranean
basin. |
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