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Titel |
WRFv3.2-SPAv2: development and validation of a coupled ecosystem–atmosphere model, scaling from surface fluxes of CO2 and energy to atmospheric profiles |
VerfasserIn |
T. L. Smallman, J. B. Moncrieff, M. Williams |
Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
Englisch
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ISSN |
1991-959X
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Digitales Dokument |
URL |
Erschienen |
In: Geoscientific Model Development ; 6, no. 4 ; Nr. 6, no. 4 (2013-07-29), S.1079-1093 |
Datensatznummer |
250017863
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Publikation (Nr.) |
copernicus.org/gmd-6-1079-2013.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
The Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological (WRF) model has been
coupled to the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere (SPA) terrestrial ecosystem model, to
produce WRF-SPA. SPA generates realistic land–atmosphere exchanges through
fully coupled hydrological, carbon and energy cycles. The addition of a~land
surface model (SPA) capable of modelling biospheric CO2 exchange allows
WRF-SPA to be used for investigating the feedbacks between biosphere carbon
balance, meteorology, and land use and land cover change. We have extensively
validated WRF-SPA using multi-annual observations of air temperature,
turbulent fluxes, net radiation and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 at three
sites, representing the dominant vegetation types in Scotland (forest,
managed grassland and arable agriculture). For example air temperature is
well simulated across all sites (forest R2 = 0.92,
RMSE = 1.7 °C, bias = 0.88 °C; managed grassland
R2 = 0.73, RMSE = 2.7 °C, bias = −0.30 °C;
arable agriculture R2 = 0.82, RMSE = 2.2 °C,
bias = 0.46 °C; RMSE, root mean square error). WRF-SPA generates
more realistic seasonal behaviour at the site level compared to an unmodified
version of WRF, such as improved simulation of seasonal transitions in latent
heat flux in arable systems. WRF-SPA also generates realistic seasonal CO2
exchanges across all sites. WRF-SPA is also able to realistically model
atmospheric profiles of CO2 over Scotland, spanning a 3 yr period
(2004–2006), capturing both profile structure, indicating realistic
transport, and magnitude (model–data residual <±4 ppm) indicating
appropriate source sink distribution and CO2 exchange. WRF-SPA makes use
of CO2 tracer pools and can therefore identify and quantify land surface
contributions to the modelled atmospheric CO2 signal at a specified
location. |
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