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| Titel |
Simple emission metrics for climate impacts |
| VerfasserIn |
B. Aamaas, G. P. Peters, J. S. Fuglestvedt |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
2190-4979
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Earth System Dynamics ; 4, no. 1 ; Nr. 4, no. 1 (2013-06-06), S.145-170 |
| Datensatznummer |
250017776
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/esd-4-145-2013.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In the context of climate change, emissions of different species (e.g.,
carbon dioxide and methane) are not directly comparable since they have
different radiative efficiencies and lifetimes. Since comparisons via
detailed climate models are computationally expensive and complex, emission
metrics were developed to allow a simple and straightforward comparison of
the estimated climate impacts of emissions of different species. Emission
metrics are not unique and variety of different emission metrics has been
proposed, with key choices being the climate impacts and time horizon to use
for comparisons. In this paper, we present analytical expressions and
describe how to calculate common emission metrics for different species. We
include the climate metrics radiative forcing, integrated radiative forcing,
temperature change and integrated temperature change in both absolute form
and normalised to a reference gas. We consider pulse emissions, sustained
emissions and emission scenarios. The species are separated into three
types: CO2 which has a complex decay over time, species with a simple
exponential decay, and ozone precursors (NOx, CO, VOC) which indirectly
effect climate via various chemical interactions. We also discuss deriving
Impulse Response Functions, radiative efficiency, regional dependencies,
consistency within and between metrics and uncertainties. We perform
various applications to highlight key applications of emission metrics,
which show that emissions of CO2 are important regardless of what
metric and time horizon is used, but that the importance of short lived
climate forcers varies greatly depending on the metric choices made.
Further, the ranking of countries by emissions changes very little with
different metrics despite large differences in metric values, except for the
shortest time horizons (GWP20). |
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