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| Titel |
World first complex optical instrumental observations of aurora in the Arctic in 1899-1900 |
| VerfasserIn |
S. A. Chernouss, G. V. Starkov, L. S. Yevlashin |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
0992-7689
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Annales Geophysicae ; 23, no. 5 ; Nr. 23, no. 5 (2005-07-27), S.1523-1531 |
| Datensatznummer |
250015242
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/angeo-23-1523-2005.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| This report presents data and analysis of visual, photographic and auroral
spectral data, obtained by the Russian astronomer J. Sykora from the
Russian-Swedish expedition to Spitsbergen during the 1899–1900 winter
season, which are historically significant for auroral studies. These data
seem to be the first instrumental observations of auroral spectra in the
Arctic and some of the emissions discovered have world priority. The second
known photos in the world of aurora from the Arctic and undoubtedly the
first ones for geomagnetic latitudes of about 75° in the Spitsbergen
Archipelago were obtained. The results of the expedition are discussed from
a modern point of view and compared with our knowledge of the 21st
century. A description of the equipment and methods that were used by
Russian astronomers is presented. Both photographic and spectral devices
using registration by photographic plates were used, along with special
methods of their development and enhancement. Some statistical analysis was
done on the basis of the expedition reports and diaries. This analysis shows
that by using Sykora's data it was possible to discover the auroral oval or
instantaneous auroral distribution over the polar region. Analysis of
photographic samples and sketches of the aurora demonstrate typical auroral
form outlines as they are described today. Spectral plates exposed for
several hours to auroral lights revealed not only the main auroral
emissions, which were well-known at that time, but several other unidentified
weak emissions, which were rediscovered and interpreted years later.
Keywords. History of geophysics (Atmospheric sciences,
instruments and techniques) |
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