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Titel |
Magnitude and variability of land evaporation and its components at the global scale |
VerfasserIn |
D. G. Miralles, R. A. M. Jeu, J. H. Gash, T. R. H. Holmes, A. J. Dolman |
Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
Englisch
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ISSN |
1027-5606
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Digitales Dokument |
URL |
Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 15, no. 3 ; Nr. 15, no. 3 (2011-03-17), S.967-981 |
Datensatznummer |
250012693
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Publikation (Nr.) |
copernicus.org/hess-15-967-2011.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
A process-based methodology is applied to estimate land-surface evaporation
from multi-satellite information. GLEAM (Global Land-surface Evaporation: the
Amsterdam Methodology) combines a wide range of remotely-sensed observations
to derive daily actual evaporation and its different components. Soil water
stress conditions are defined from a root-zone profile of soil moisture and
used to estimate transpiration based on a Priestley and Taylor equation. The
methodology also derives evaporationfrom bare soil and snow sublimation. Tall
vegetation rainfall interception is independently estimated by means of the
Gash analytical model. Here, GLEAM is applied daily, at global scale and a
quarter degree resolution. Triple collocation is used to calculate the error
structure of the evaporation estimates and test the relative merits of two
different precipitation inputs. The spatial distribution of evaporation –
and its different components – is analysed to understand the relative
importance of each component over different ecosystems. Annual land
evaporation is estimated as 67.9 × 103 km3, 80%
corresponding to transpiration, 11% to interception loss, 7% to bare soil
evaporation and 2% snow sublimation. Results show that rainfall interception
plays an important role in the partition of precipitation into evaporation
and water available for runoff at a continental scale. This study gives
insights into the relative importance of precipitation and net radiation in
driving evaporation, and how the seasonal influence of these controls varies
over different regions. Precipitation is recognised as an important factor
driving evaporation, not only in areas that have limited soil water
availability, but also in areas of high rainfall interception and low
available energy. |
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