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| Titel |
Impact of anthropogenic emission on air quality over a megacity – revealed from an intensive atmospheric campaign during the Chinese Spring Festival |
| VerfasserIn |
K. Huang, G. Zhuang, Y. Lin, Q. Wang, J. S. Fu, R. Zhang, J. Li, C. Deng, Q. Fu |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 12, no. 23 ; Nr. 12, no. 23 (2012-12-05), S.11631-11645 |
| Datensatznummer |
250011651
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-12-11631-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
The Chinese Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional
festivals in China. The peak transport in the Spring Festival season (spring
travel rush) provides a unique opportunity for investigating the impact of
human activity on air quality in the Chinese megacities. Emission sources
are varied and fluctuate greatly before, during and after the Festival.
Increased vehicular emissions during the "spring travel rush" before the
2009 Festival resulted in high level pollutants of NOx
(270 μg m−3), CO (2572 μg m−3),
black carbon (BC) (8.5 μg m−3) and
extremely low single scattering albedo of 0.76 in Shanghai, indicating
strong, fresh combustion. Organics contributed most to PM2.5, followed
by NO3−, NH4+, and SO42−. During the Chinese
Lunar New Year's Eve and Day, widespread usage of fireworks caused heavy
pollution of extremely high aerosol concentration, scattering coefficient,
SO2, and NOx. Due to the "spring travel rush" after the festival,
anthropogenic emissions gradually climbed and mirrored corresponding
increases in the aerosol components and gaseous pollutants. Secondary
inorganic aerosol (SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+)
accounted for a dominant fraction of 74% in PM2.5 due to an increase
in human activity. There was a greater demand for energy as vast numbers of
people using public transportation or driving their own vehicles returned
home after the Festival. Factories and constructions sites were operating
again.
The potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis illustrated the
possible source areas for air pollutants of Shanghai. The effects of
regional and long-range transport were both revealed. Five major sources,
i.e. natural sources, vehicular emissions, burning of fireworks, industrial
and metallurgical emissions, and coal burning were identified using the
principle component analysis. The average visibility during the whole study
period was less than 6 km. It had been estimated that 50% of the total
light extinction was due to the high water vapor in the atmosphere. This
study demonstrates that organic aerosol was the largest contributor to
aerosol extinction at 47%, followed by sulfate ammonium, nitrate
ammonium, and EC at 22%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Our results
indicated the dominant role of traffic-related aerosol species (i.e. organic
aerosol, nitrate and EC) on the formation of air pollution, and suggested
the importance of controlling vehicle numbers and emissions in mega-cities
of China as its population and economy continue to grow. |
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