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| Titel |
Soot and SO2 contribution to the supersites in the MILAGRO campaign from elevated flares in the Tula Refinery |
| VerfasserIn |
V. H. Almanza, L. T. Molina, G. Sosa |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 12, no. 21 ; Nr. 12, no. 21 (2012-11-13), S.10583-10599 |
| Datensatznummer |
250011584
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-12-10583-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
This work presents a simulation of the plume trajectory emitted by flaring
activities of the Miguel Hidalgo Refinery in Mexico. The flame of a
representative sour gas flare is modeled with a CFD combustion code in order
to estimate emission rates of combustion by-products of interest for air
quality: acetylene, ethylene, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, soot and
sulfur dioxide. The emission rates of NO2 and SO2 were compared
with measurements obtained at Tula as part of MILAGRO field campaign. The
rates of soot, VOCs and CO emissions were compared with estimates obtained
by Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP). The emission rates of these
species were further included in WRF-Chem model to simulate the chemical
transport of the plume from 22 to 27 March of 2006. The model presents
reliable performance of the resolved meteorology, with respect to the Mean
Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), mean bias (BIAS),
vector RMSE and Index of Agreement (IOA).
WRF-Chem outputs of SO2 and soot were compared with surface
measurements obtained at the three supersites of MILAGRO campaign. The
results suggest a contribution of Tula flaring activities to the total
SO2 levels of 18% to 27% at the urban supersite (T0), and of 10% to
18% at the suburban supersite (T1). For soot, the model predicts
low contribution at the three supersites, with less than 0.1% at three
supersites. According to the model, the greatest contribution of both
pollutants to the three supersites occurred on 23 March, which coincides
with the third cold surge event reported during the campaign. |
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