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| Titel |
CO at 40–80 km above Kiruna observed by the ground-based microwave radiometer KIMRA and simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model |
| VerfasserIn |
C. G. Hoffmann, D. E. Kinnison, R. R. Garcia, M. Palm, J. Notholt, U. Raffalski, G. Hochschild |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 12, no. 7 ; Nr. 12, no. 7 (2012-04-04), S.3261-3271 |
| Datensatznummer |
250011011
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-12-3261-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
This study compares CO in the Arctic stratosphere and mesosphere measured by ground-based
microwave radiometry with simulations made with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
driven with specified dynamical fields (SD-WACCM4) for the Arctic winters 2008/2009 and
2009/2010. CO is a tracer for polar winter middle atmosphere dynamics, hence the
representation of polar dynamics in the model is examined indirectly. Measurements were taken with
the KIruna Microwave RAdiometer (KIMRA). The instrument, which is located in Kiruna, Northern
Sweden (67.8° N, 20.4° E), provides CO profiles between 40 and
80 km altitude.
The present comparison, which is one of the first between SD-WACCM4 and measurements, is performed
on the smallest space and time scales currently simulated by the model; the global model is
evaluated daily at the particular model grid-point closest to Kiruna. As a guide to what can
generally be expected from such a comparison, the same analysis is repeated for observations of
CO from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), a microwave radiometer onboard NASA's Aura
satellite, which has global coverage. First, time-mean profiles of CO are compared, revealing that
the profile shape of KIMRA deviates from SD-WACCM4 and MLS, especially in the upper
mesosphere. SD-WACCM4 and MLS are mostly consistent throughout the range of altitude considered;
however, SD-WACCM4 shows slightly lower values in the upper mesosphere.
Second, the time evolution is compared for the complete time series, as well as for the
slowly and rapidly evolving parts alone. Overall, the agreement among the datasets is very good
and the model is almost as consistent with the measurements as the measurements are with each
other. Mutual correlation coefficients of the slowly varying part of the CO time series are
≥0.9 over a wide altitude range. This demonstrates that the polar winter middle atmosphere
dynamics is very well represented in SD-WACCM4 and that the relaxation to analyzed meteorological
fields below 50 km constrains the behavior of the simulation sufficiently, even at higher
altitudes, such that the simulation above 50 km is close to the measurements. However, above
50 km, the model-measurement correlation for the rapidly varying part of the CO time
series is lower (0.3) than the measurement-measurement correlation (0.6). This is attributed to
the fact that the gravity wave parametrization in WACCM is based on a generic gravity wave
spectrum and cannot be expected to capture the instantaneous behavior of the actual gravity wave
field present in the atmosphere. |
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