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| Titel |
One decade of parallel fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10–PM2.5) particulate matter measurements in Europe: trends and variability |
| VerfasserIn |
I. Barmpadimos, J. Keller, D. Oderbolz, C. Hueglin, A. S. H. Prévôt |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 12, no. 7 ; Nr. 12, no. 7 (2012-04-03), S.3189-3203 |
| Datensatznummer |
250011006
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-12-3189-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| The trends and variability of PM10, PM2.5 and PMcoarse
concentrations at seven urban and rural background stations in five European
countries for the period between 1998 and 2010 were investigated. Collocated
or nearby PM measurements and meteorological observations were used in order
to construct Generalized Additive Models, which model the effect of each
meteorological variable on PM concentrations. In agreement with previous
findings, the most important meteorological variables affecting PM
concentrations were wind speed, wind direction, boundary layer depth,
precipitation, temperature and number of consecutive days with synoptic
weather patterns that favor high PM concentrations. Temperature has a
negative relationship to PM2.5 concentrations for low temperatures and
a positive relationship for high temperatures. The stationary point of this
relationship varies between 5 and 15 °C depending on the station.
PMcoarse concentrations increase for increasing temperatures almost
throughout the temperature range. Wind speed has a monotonic relationship to
PM2.5 except for one station, which exhibits a stationary point.
Considering PMcoarse, concentrations tend to increase or stabilize for
large wind speeds at most stations. It was also observed that at all
stations except one, higher PM2.5 concentrations occurred for east wind
direction, compared to west wind direction. Meteorologically adjusted PM
time series were produced by removing most of the PM variability due to
meteorology. It was found that PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations
decrease at most stations. The average trends of the raw and
meteorologically adjusted data are −0.4 μg m−3 yr−1 for
PM10 and PM2.5 size fractions. PMcoarse have much smaller
trends and after averaging over all stations, no significant trend was
detected at the 95% level of confidence. It is suggested that decreasing
PMcoarse in addition to PM2.5 can result in a faster decrease of
PM10 in the future. The trends of the 90th quantile of PM10
and PM2.5 concentrations were examined by quantile regression in order
to detect long term changes in the occurrence of very large PM
concentrations. The meteorologically adjusted trends of the 90th
quantile were significantly larger (as an absolute value) on average over
all stations (−0.6 μg m−3 yr−1). |
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