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| Titel |
An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources – Part 2: Applications and assessments |
| VerfasserIn |
N. Hanasaki, S. Kanae, T. Oki, K. Masuda, K. Motoya, N. Shirakawa, Y. Shen, K. Tanaka |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 12, no. 4 ; Nr. 12, no. 4 (2008-07-29), S.1027-1037 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010755
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-12-1027-2008.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| To assess global water resources from the perspective of subannual variation
in water availability and water use, an integrated water resources model was
developed. In a companion report, we presented the global meteorological
forcing input used to drive the model and six modules, namely, the land
surface hydrology module, the river routing module, the crop growth module,
the reservoir operation module, the environmental flow requirement module,
and the anthropogenic withdrawal module. Here, we present the results of the
model application and global water resources assessments. First, the timing
and volume of simulated agriculture water use were examined because
agricultural use composes approximately 85% of total consumptive water
withdrawal in the world. The estimated crop calendar showed good agreement
with earlier reports for wheat, maize, and rice in major countries of
production. In major countries, the error in the planting date was ±1
mo, but there were some exceptional cases. The estimated irrigation water
withdrawal also showed fair agreement with country statistics, but tended to
be underestimated in countries in the Asian monsoon region. The results
indicate the validity of the model and the input meteorological forcing
because site-specific parameter tuning was not used in the series of
simulations. Finally, global water resources were assessed on a subannual
basis using a newly devised index. This index located water-stressed regions
that were undetected in earlier studies. These regions, which are indicated
by a gap in the subannual distribution of water availability and water use,
include the Sahel, the Asian monsoon region, and southern Africa. The
simulation results show that the reservoir operations of major reservoirs
(>1 km3) and the allocation of environmental flow requirements can
alter the population under high water stress by approximately −11% to
+5% globally. The integrated model is applicable to assessments of
various global environmental projections such as climate change. |
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