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| Titel |
An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources – Part 1: Model description and input meteorological forcing |
| VerfasserIn |
N. Hanasaki, S. Kanae, T. Oki, K. Masuda, K. Motoya, N. Shirakawa, Y. Shen, K. Tanaka |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 12, no. 4 ; Nr. 12, no. 4 (2008-07-29), S.1007-1025 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010754
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-12-1007-2008.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| To assess global water availability and use at a subannual timescale, an
integrated global water resources model was developed consisting of six
modules: land surface hydrology, river routing, crop growth, reservoir
operation, environmental flow requirement estimation, and anthropogenic
water withdrawal. The model simulates both natural and anthropogenic water
flow globally (excluding Antarctica) on a daily basis at a spatial
resolution of 1°×1° (longitude and latitude). This first
part of the two-feature report describes the six modules and the input
meteorological forcing. The input meteorological forcing was provided by the
second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP2), an international land surface
modeling project. Several reported shortcomings of the forcing component
were improved. The land surface hydrology module was developed based on a
bucket type model that simulates energy and water balance on land surfaces.
The crop growth module is a relatively simple model based on concepts of
heat unit theory, potential biomass, and a harvest index. In the reservoir
operation module, 452 major reservoirs with >1 km3 each of storage
capacity store and release water according to their own rules of operation.
Operating rules were determined for each reservoir by an algorithm that used
currently available global data such as reservoir storage capacity, intended
purposes, simulated inflow, and water demand in the lower reaches. The
environmental flow requirement module was newly developed based on case
studies from around the world. Simulated runoff was compared and validated
with observation-based global runoff data sets and observed streamflow
records at 32 major river gauging stations around the world. Mean annual
runoff agreed well with earlier studies at global and continental scales,
and in individual basins, the mean bias was less than ±20% in 14 of
the 32 river basins and less than ±50% in 24 basins. The error in
the peak was less than ±1 mo in 19 of the 27 basins and less than ±2 mo
in 25 basins. The performance was similar to the best available
precedent studies with closure of energy and water. The input meteorological
forcing component and the integrated model provide a framework with which to
assess global water resources, with the potential application to investigate
the subannual variability in water resources. |
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