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| Titel |
Influences of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plume on air quality in the northern Alpine region |
| VerfasserIn |
K. Schäfer, W. Thomas, A. Peters, L. Ries, F. Obleitner, J. Schnelle-Kreis, W. Birmili, J. Diemer, W. Fricke, W. Junkermann, M. Pitz, S. Emeis, R. Forkel, P. Suppan, H. Flentje, S. Gilge, H. E. Wichmann, F. Meinhardt, R. Zimmermann, K. Weinhold, J. Soentgen, C. Münkel, C. Freuer, J. Cyrys |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 16 ; Nr. 11, no. 16 (2011-08-23), S.8555-8575 |
| Datensatznummer |
250010021
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-8555-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| A series of major eruptions of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano in Iceland
started on 14 April 2010 and continued until the end of May 2010. The
volcanic emissions moved over nearly the whole of Europe and were observed
first on 16 April 2010 in Southern Germany with different remote sensing
systems from the ground and space. Enhanced PM10 and SO2
concentrations were detected on 17 April at mountain stations
(Zugspitze/Schneefernerhaus and Schauinsland) as well as in Innsbruck by in
situ measurement devices. On 19 April intensive vertical mixing and advection
along with clear-sky conditions facilitated the entrainment of volcanic
material down to the ground. The subsequent formation of a stably stratified
lower atmosphere with limited mixing near the ground during the evening of 19
April led to an additional enhancement of near-surface particle
concentrations. Consequently, on 19 April and 20 April exceedances of the
daily threshold value for particulate matter (PM10) were reported at
nearly all monitoring stations of the North Alpine foothills as well as at
mountain and valley stations in the northern Alps. The chemical analyses of
ambient PM10 at monitoring stations of the North Alpine foothills
yielded elevated Titanium concentrations on 19/20 April which prove the
presence of volcanic plume material. Following this result the PM10
threshold exceedances are also associated with the volcanic plume. The
entrainment of the volcanic plume material mainly affected the concentrations
of coarse particles (>1 μm) – interpreted as volcanic ash –
and ultrafine particles (<100 nm), while the concentrations of
accumulation mode aerosol (0.1–1 μm) were not changed
significantly. With regard to the occurrence of ultrafine particles, it is
concluded that their formation was triggered by high sulphuric acid
concentrations which are necessarily generated by the photochemical processes
in a plume rich in sulphur dioxide under high solar irradiance. It became
evident that during the course of several days, the
Eyjafjallajökull volcanic emissions influenced the near-surface
atmosphere and thus the ambient air quality. Although the volcanic plume
contributed to the overall exposure of the population of the northern Alpine
region on two days, only minor effects on the exacerbation of respiratory and
cardiovascular symptoms can be expected. |
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