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| Titel |
Primary sources of PM2.5 organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille |
| VerfasserIn |
I. Haddad, N. Marchand, H. Wortham, C. Piot, J.-L. Besombes, J. Cozic, C. Chauvel, A. Armengaud, D. Robin, J.-L. Jaffrezo |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 5 ; Nr. 11, no. 5 (2011-03-07), S.2039-2058 |
| Datensatznummer |
250009446
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-2039-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Marseille, the most important port of the Mediterranean Sea, represents a
challenging case study for source apportionment exercises, combining an
active photochemistry and multiple emission sources, including fugitive
emissions from industrial sources and shipping. This paper presents a
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) approach based on organic markers and metals to
apportion the primary sources of organic aerosol in Marseille, with a
special focus on industrial emissions. Overall, the CMB model accounts for
the major primary anthropogenic sources including motor vehicles, biomass
burning and the aggregate emissions from three industrial processes (heavy
fuel oil combustion/shipping, coke production and steel manufacturing) as
well as some primary biogenic emissions. This source apportionment exercise
is well corroborated by 14C measurements. Primary OC estimated by the
CMB accounts on average for 22% of total OC and is dominated by the
vehicular emissions that contribute on average for 17% of OC mass
concentration (vehicular PM contributes for 17% of PM2.5). Even
though industrial emissions contribute only 2.3% of the total OC
(7% of PM2.5), they are associated with ultrafine particles
(Dp<80 nm) and high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and
heavy metals such as Pb, Ni and V. On one hand, given that industrial
emissions governed key primary markers, their omission would lead to
substantial uncertainties in the CMB analysis performed in areas heavily
impacted by such sources, hindering accurate estimation of non-industrial
primary sources and secondary sources. On the other hand, being associated
with bursts of submicron particles and carcinogenic and mutagenic components
such as PAH, these emissions are most likely related with acute ill-health
outcomes and should be regulated despite their small contributions to OC.
Another important result is the fact that 78% of OC mass cannot be
attributed to the major primary sources and, thus, remains un-apportioned. We
have consequently critically investigated the uncertainties underlying our
CMB apportionments. While we have provided some evidence for photochemical
decay of hopanes, this decay does not appear to significantly alter the CMB
estimates of the total primary OC. Sampling artifacts and unaccounted
primary sources also appear to marginally influence the amount of
un-apportioned OC. Therefore, this significant amount of un-apportioned OC
is mostly attributed to secondary organic carbon that appears to be the
major component of OC during the whole period of study. |
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