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| Titel |
Modelling of marine base cation emissions, concentrations and deposition in the UK |
| VerfasserIn |
M. Werner, M. Kryza, A. J. Dore, M. Blaś, S. Hallsworth, M. Vieno, Y. S. Tang, R. I. Smith |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 11, no. 3 ; Nr. 11, no. 3 (2011-02-04), S.1023-1037 |
| Datensatznummer |
250009289
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-11-1023-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Base cations exert a large impact on various geochemical and geophysical
processes both in the atmosphere and at the Earth surface. One of the
essential roles of these compounds is impact on surface pH causing an
increase in alkalinity and neutralizing the effects of acidity generated by
sulphur and nitrogen deposition. During recent years anthropogenic emissions
of base cations in the UK have decreased substantially, by about 70%,
78%, 75% and 48% for Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+,
respectively, over the period 1990–2006. For the island regions, such as the
UK, the main source of base cation particles is the aerosol produced from
the sea surface. Here, the sea salt aerosol (SSA) emissions are calculated
with parameterisations proposed by Mårtensson et al. (2003) for ultra
fine particles, Monahan et al. (1986) for fine particles and Smith and
Harisson (1998) for coarse particles continuously with a 0.1 μm size
step using WRF-modelled wind speed data at a 5 km × 5 km grid square
resolution with a 3 h time step for two selected years 2003 and 2006.
SSA production has been converted into base cation emissions, with the
assumption that the chemical composition of the particle emitted from the
sea surface is equal to the chemical composition of sea water, and used as
input data in the Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange Model
(FRAME). FRAME model annual mean concentrations and total wet deposition at
a 5 km × 5 km grid resolution, are compared with concentrations in air and
wet deposition from the National Monitoring Network and measurements based
estimates of UK deposition budget. The correlation coefficient for wet
deposition achieves high values (R = 0.8) for Na+ and Mg2+, whereas
for Ca2+ the correlation is poor (R < 0.3). Base cation concentrations
are also represented well, with some overestimations on the west coast and
underestimations in the centre of the land. |
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