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| Titel |
Atmospheric nucleation: highlights of the EUCAARI project and future directions |
| VerfasserIn |
V.-M. Kerminen, T. Petäjä, H. E. Manninen, P. Paasonen, T. Nieminen, M. Sipilä, H. Junninen, M. Ehn, S. Gagné, L. Laakso, I. Riipinen, H. Vehkamäki, T. Kurtén, I. K. Ortega, M. Maso, D. Brus, A. Hyvärinen, H. Lihavainen, J. Leppä, K. E. J. Lehtinen, A. Mirme, S. Mirme, U. Hõrrak, T. Berndt, F. Stratmann, W. Birmili, A. Wiedensohler, A. Metzger, J. Dommen, U. Baltensperger, A. Kiendler-Scharr, T. F. Mentel, J. Wildt, P. M. Winkler, P. E. Wagner, A. Petzold, A. Minikin, C. Plass-Dülmer, U. Pöschl, A. Laaksonen, M. Kulmala  |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 10, no. 22 ; Nr. 10, no. 22 (2010-11-18), S.10829-10848 |
| Datensatznummer |
250008897
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-10-10829-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Within the project EUCAARI (European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud
Climate and Air Quality interactions), atmospheric nucleation was studied by
(i) developing and testing new air ion and cluster spectrometers, (ii)
conducting homogeneous nucleation experiments for sulphate and organic
systems in the laboratory, (iii) investigating atmospheric nucleation
mechanism under field conditions, and (iv) applying new theoretical and
modelling tools for data interpretation and development of
parameterisations. The current paper provides a synthesis of the obtained
results and identifies the remaining major knowledge gaps related to
atmospheric nucleation. The most important technical achievement of the
project was the development of new instruments for measuring sub-3 nm
particle populations, along with the extensive application of these
instruments in both the laboratory and the field. All the results obtained
during EUCAARI indicate that sulphuric acid plays a central role in
atmospheric nucleation. However, also vapours other than sulphuric acid are
needed to explain the nucleation and the subsequent growth processes, at
least in continental boundary layers. Candidate vapours in this respect are
some organic compounds, ammonia, and especially amines. Both our field and
laboratory data demonstrate that the nucleation rate scales to the first or
second power of the nucleating vapour concentration(s). This agrees with the
few earlier field observations, but is in stark contrast with classical
thermodynamic nucleation theories. The average formation rates of 2-nm
particles were found to vary by almost two orders of magnitude between the
different EUCAARI sites, whereas the formation rates of charged 2-nm
particles varied very little between the sites. Overall, our observations
are indicative of frequent, yet moderate, ion-induced nucleation usually
outweighed by much stronger neutral nucleation events in the continental
lower troposphere. The most concrete outcome of the EUCAARI nucleation
studies are the new semi-empirical nucleation rate parameterizations based
on field observations, along with updated aerosol formation
parameterizations. |
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