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| Titel |
Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems |
| VerfasserIn |
C. Falck, M. Ramatschi, C. Subarya, M. Bartsch, A. Merx, J. Hoeberechts, G. Schmidt |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1561-8633
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 10, no. 2 ; Nr. 10, no. 2 (2010-02-02), S.181-189 |
| Datensatznummer |
250007924
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/nhess-10-181-2010.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning
applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision,
reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as
it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based
components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning
System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels
(measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass
displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable
results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these
tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements.
The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the
warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on
buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves
on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges
or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass
movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of
2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate
tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide
gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information
about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict
a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007).
This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system,
from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems,
either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe
how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the
methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time.
This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with
real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products
of the GPS-based early warning system components. |
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