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| Titel |
The response of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes to forest change in Europe |
| VerfasserIn |
P. Gundersen, J. R. Christiansen, G. Alberti, N. Brüggemann, S. Castaldi, R. Gasche, B. Kitzler, L. Klemedtsson, R. Lobo-do-Vale, F. Moldan, T. Rütting, P. Schleppi, P. Weslien, S. Zechmeister-Boltenstern |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 9, no. 10 ; Nr. 9, no. 10 (2012-10-17), S.3999-4012 |
| Datensatznummer |
250007333
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-9-3999-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
Forests in Europe are changing due to interactions between climate change,
nitrogen (N) deposition and new forest management practices. The concurrent
impact on the forest greenhouse gas (GHG) balance is at present difficult to
predict due to a lack of knowledge on controlling factors of GHG fluxes and
response to changes in these factors. To improve the mechanistic
understanding of the ongoing changes, we studied the response of
soil–atmosphere exchange of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4)
at twelve experimental or natural gradient forest sites, representing
anticipated future forest change. The experimental manipulations, one or
more per site, included N addition (4 sites), changes of climate
(temperature, 1 site; precipitation, 2 sites), soil hydrology (3 sites),
harvest intensity (1 site), wood ash fertilisation (1 site), pH gradient in
organic soil (1 site) and afforestation of cropland (1 site).
On average, N2O emissions increased by 0.06 ± 0.03 (range 0–0.3) g
N2O-N m−2 yr−1 across all treatments on mineral soils, but
the increase was up to 10 times higher in an acidic organic soil. Soil
moisture together with mineral soil C / N ratio and pH were found to
significantly influence N2O emissions across all treatments. Emissions
were increased by elevated N deposition, especially in interaction with
increased soil moisture. High pH reduced the formation of N2O, even
under otherwise favourable soil conditions.
Oxidation (uptake) of CH4 was on average reduced from 0.16 ± 0.02
to 0.04 ± 0.05 g CH4-C m−2 yr−1 by the investigated
treatments. The CH4 exchange was significantly influenced by soil
moisture and soil C / N ratio across all treatments, and CH4 emissions
occurred only in wet or water-saturated conditions.
For most of the investigated forest manipulations or natural gradients, the
response of both N2O and CH4 fluxes was towards reducing the
overall GHG forest sink. The most resilient forests were dry Mediterranean
forests, as well as forests with high soil C / N ratio or high soil pH.
Mitigation strategies may focus on (i) sustainable management of wet forest
areas and forested peatlands, (ii) continuous forest cover management, (iii)
reducing atmospheric N input and, thus, N availability, and (iv) improving
neutralisation capacity of acid soils (e.g. wood ash application). |
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