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| Titel |
A synthesis of carbon in international trade |
| VerfasserIn |
G. P. Peters, S. J. Davis, R. Andrew |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1726-4170
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Biogeosciences ; 9, no. 8 ; Nr. 9, no. 8 (2012-08-23), S.3247-3276 |
| Datensatznummer |
250007246
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/bg-9-3247-2012.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| In a globalised world, the transfer of carbon between regions, either
physically or embodied in production, represents a substantial fraction of
global carbon emissions. The resulting emission transfers are important for
balancing regional carbon budgets and for understanding the drivers of
emissions. In this paper we synthesise current understanding in two parts:
(1) CO2 emissions embodied in goods and services that are produced in
one country but consumed in others, and (2) carbon physically present in
fossil fuels, petroleum-derived products, harvested wood products, crops, and livestock products. We describe the key differences between studies and provide a
consistent set of estimates using the same definitions, modelling framework,
and consistent data. We find the largest trade flows of carbon in
international trade in 2004 were fossil fuels (2673 MtC, 37 % of global
emissions), CO2 embodied in traded goods and services (1661 MtC, 22 %
of global emissions), crops (522 MtC, 31 % of total harvested crop
carbon), petroleum-based products (183 MtC, 50 % of their total
production), harvested wood products (149 MtC, 40 % of total roundwood
extraction), and livestock products (28 MtC, 22 % of total livestock
carbon). We find that for embodied CO2 emissions, estimates from
independent studies are robust, and that differences between individual
studies are not a reflection of the uncertainty in consumption-based
estimates, but rather these differences result from the use of different
production-based emissions input data and different definitions for
allocating emissions to international trade. After adjusting for these
issues, results across independent studies converge to give less uncertainty
than previously assumed. For physical carbon flows there are relatively few
studies to be synthesised, but differences between existing studies are due
to the method of allocating to international trade, with some studies using
"apparent consumption" as opposed to "final consumption". While results
across studies are sufficiently robust to be used in further applications,
more research is needed to understand differences and to harmonise
definitions for particular applications. |
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