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| Titel |
The effects of biogeochemical processes on oceanic conductivity/salinity/density relationships and the characterization of real seawater |
| VerfasserIn |
R. Pawlowicz, D. G. Wright, F. J. Millero |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1812-0784
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Ocean Science ; 7, no. 3 ; Nr. 7, no. 3 (2011-06-01), S.363-387 |
| Datensatznummer |
250004648
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/os-7-363-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| As seawater circulates through the global ocean, its relative composition undergoes small variations.
This results in changes to the conductivity/salinity/density relationship, which is
currently well-defined only for Standard Seawater obtained from a particular area in the North Atlantic.
These changes are
investigated here by analysis of laboratory experiments in which salts are added to
seawater, by analysis of oceanic observations of density and composition anomalies, and
by mathematical investigation using
a model relating composition, conductivity, and density of arbitrary seawaters.
Mathematical analysis shows that understanding and describing the effect of
changes in relative composition on operational estimates of salinity using
the Practical Salinity Scale 1978 and on density
using an equation of state for Standard Seawater
require the use of a number of different salinity variables and
a family of
haline contraction coefficients. These salinity variables include an
absolute Salinity SAsoln, a density salinity SAdens,
the reference salinity SR, and an added-mass salinity SAadd.
In addition, a new
salinity variable S∗ is defined, which represents the preformed salinity of
a Standard Seawater component of real seawater to which biogeochemical processes add material.
In spite of
this complexity, observed correlations between different ocean biogeochemical processes allow
the creation of simple formulas that can be used to convert between
the different salinity and density measures, allowing for the operational reduction of routine oceanographic
observations. |
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