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| Titel |
Vehicular fuel composition and atmospheric emissions in South China: Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, and Zhuhai |
| VerfasserIn |
W. Y. Tsai, L. Y. Chan, D. R. Blake, K. W. Chu |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1680-7316
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ; 6, no. 11 ; Nr. 6, no. 11 (2006-08-08), S.3281-3288 |
| Datensatznummer |
250004053
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/acp-6-3281-2006.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Vehicular emission is an important source of air pollutants in urban cities
in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of South China. In order to study the
impact of evaporative loss of vehicular fuel on air quality, several
commonly used fuel samples were collected in four main cities in the PRD
region – Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Macau and Zhuhai, and analyzed for their
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) composition. Source profiles of vapors of
the vehicular fuels used in these cities were constructed and are believed
to be the first reported for the PRD region. The C8-C10
hydrocarbons were the main constituents of diesel. Different from diesel,
gasoline used in the PRD region was mainly comprised of lighter
C4-C7 hydrocarbons, with toluene and i-pentane being the two most
abundant species. The toluene content in the Hong Kong and Macau gasoline
samples were higher than that in Guangzhou and Zhuhai, while the reverse was
true for the benzene content. The benzene levels in Guangzhou and Zhuhai
exceeded the maximum allowable benzene levels for Mainland China unleaded
gasoline. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) samples were collected only in Hong
Kong and were comprised mainly of n-butane, propane and i-butane. Traffic
samples indicated that evaporative loss and vehicular combustion were the
primary contributors to elevated VOC levels in roadside atmospheres.
Significant i-pentane and toluene concentrations were observed in roadside
atmospheres in all four cities. Ratio of i-pentane in gasoline vapors to
that in roadside samples were calculated and this showed that the degree of
evaporative loss were higher in Guangzhou and Zhuhai than that in Hong Kong
and Macau. We suggest the difference is due to the better maintenance and
more new cars in Hong Kong and Macau. From tunnel samples collected in Hong
Kong in two different years, we found that the relative amount of propane,
i-butane, and n-butane increased between 2001 to 2003, consistent with the
40% increase in LPG fueled vehicles. Propane to butanes ratios were
calculated for LPG samples and tunnels samples, and the comparable ratios
illustrated the LPG leakages from LPG fueled vehicles crossing the tunnel. |
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