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Titel |
Real-size experiments and 3-D simulation of rockfall on forested and non-forested slopes |
VerfasserIn |
L. K. A. Dorren, F. Berger, U. S. Putters |
Medientyp |
Artikel
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Sprache |
Englisch
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ISSN |
1561-8633
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Digitales Dokument |
URL |
Erschienen |
In: Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ; 6, no. 1 ; Nr. 6, no. 1 (2006-02-15), S.145-153 |
Datensatznummer |
250003288
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Publikation (Nr.) |
copernicus.org/nhess-6-145-2006.pdf |
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Zusammenfassung |
Only a few rockfall simulation models take into account the mitigating
effect of existing forest cover. The objective of our study was to improve
the generic rockfall simulation model RockyFor, which does take the effect
of forest stands into account, thereby developing a clear method for
quantifying and modelling slope surface characteristics based on
quantitative field data. To obtain these data we carried out 218 real-size
rockfall experiments on forested and non-forested sites on a mountain slope
in the French Alps. On the basis of a polygon map representing different
diameter classes of the material covering the slope, we determine the mean
obstacle height (MOH) for each homogeneous unit at the experimental sites.
We proposed an algorithm for calculating the tangential coefficient of
restitution using the MOH. Comparing the simulated and observed data from
the real-size rockfall experiments showed that the 3-D combined
deterministic-probabilistic rockfall simulation model RockyFor accurately predicted
rockfall events on a non-forested (Root Mean Square Error = 17%) and a
forested site (Root Mean Square Error = 12%). We conclude that for
further improvement of rockfall-forest simulation on different slope types
more quantitative data is required on (1) the energy dissipative capacity of
shrubs and bushes (e.g. in coppice stands), (2) the effect of the slope
material, (3) the rock shape as well as the rock size, and (4) the
tangential and normal coefficient of restitution. Based on the presented
results we can state that the RockyFor model could contribute to better
taking into account the mitigating effect of the existing forest cover when
planning protective measures. |
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