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| Titel |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
| VerfasserIn |
E. C. Hunke, D. Notz, A. K. Turner, M. Vancoppenolle |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1994-0416
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: The Cryosphere ; 5, no. 4 ; Nr. 5, no. 4 (2011-11-14), S.989-1009 |
| Datensatznummer |
250002755
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/tc-5-989-2011.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions,
solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which
all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase
structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in
seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component
of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability
(determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain
from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice
salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant
role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts
move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical
cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has
strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this
complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts,
highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further
progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes
general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored
to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with
chemical, biological and climate systems. |
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