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| Titel |
"Blueprint" for the UP Modelling System for Large Scale Hydrology |
| VerfasserIn |
J. Ewen |
| Medientyp |
Artikel
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| Sprache |
Englisch
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| ISSN |
1027-5606
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| Digitales Dokument |
URL |
| Erschienen |
In: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ; 1, no. 1 ; Nr. 1, no. 1, S.55-69 |
| Datensatznummer |
250000083
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| Publikation (Nr.) |
 copernicus.org/hess-1-55-1997.pdf |
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| Zusammenfassung |
| There are at least two needs to be met by the current
research efforts on large scale hydrological modelling. The first is for
practical conceptual land-surface hydrology schemes for use with existing
operational climate and weather forecasting models, to replace the overly
simple schemes often used in such models. The second is for models of large
scale hydrology which are properly sensitive to changes in physical properties
and inputs measured (or predicted) over a wide range of scales, from the
point-scale upwards, yet are simple enough in structure to be coupled to
climate and weather forecasting models. Such models of large scale hydrology
are needed for studying the environmental impact of pollution and changes
in climate and land-use, especially the impact On water resources. The
UP system (name derived from Upsealed Physically-based) is an attempt to
satisfy the second need. It uses a physically-based approach and has a
simple structure, yet incorporates sufficient information on sub-grid behaviour
to make it a useful tool for the study of environmental impacts over a
wide range of scales. The system uses a new approach to large scale modelling,
giving physically-based predictions of hourly flows, storages, saturated
areas, etc., for regions covering hundreds of thousands of square kilometres.
The basic component of the system is the UP element. This has seven water
storage compartments (one each for the snowpack, vegetation canopy, surface
water, root zone, unsaturated percolation, interflow and groundwater) and
allows all the main processes of the terrestrial phase of the hydrological
cycle to be represented. A region is modelled as a collection of UP elements,
linked by a river routing scheme. Each compartment represents a fixed zone
within the area covered by the UP element, and each is related to a physical
process such as groundwater flow. Most of the parameterizations for the
compartments are in the form of look-up tables, linking the outputs from
the compartments to state variables such as the current storage in the
compartment. These parameterizations are, in the main, derived from results
from physically-based, distributed models applied to the zones (e.g. a
groundwater compartment is parameterized using a groundwater model). For
large regions modelled using many UP elements, the UP parameters are regionalized
using a classification scheme, thus reducing the overall effort spent in
parameterization. The development of the UP system is a long-term project
involving research into physically-based parameterization of large scale
hydrology models, including the effects of sub-grid spatial variations.
The first stage involved developing a "blueprint" for the UP element, based
on experience with physically-based, distributed river basin modelling
and reviews of existing techniques and modelling approaches for large scale
and linked atmosphere-hydrology modelling. This paper describes the UP
element and the concepts and ideas behind the development of the UP system
and, briefly, describes some of the research and development work currently
in progress on UP and its parameterization. |
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